Volume 2David Barry BS, BAppSci (Hons), DC, ND, in Textbook of Natural Medicine (Fifth Edition), 2020Balance TestingThe Berg Balance Scale (BBS) is a valid, efficient measure of postural balance in the geriatric A study assessed functional independence, motor performance, and balance regularly over a 9-month period in 113 elderly residents. BBS scores predicted the occurrence of multiple falls among the elderly and were strongly correlated with functional and motor performance in stroke BBS consists of 14 items scored on a 5-point ordinal scale, ranging from 0 to 4 (0 indicates lowest level of function; 4 indicates highest level of function), with a maximum total score of 56. Participants presenting a score of 41 to 56 points have been described as “independent”; scores of 21 to 40 are interpreted as “walking with assistance”; and scores of 0 to 20 are generally classified as “wheelchair bound.”317Another study used the BBS score as a predictive model to quantify fall risk in community-dwelling older An increased risk of falling was determined as a BBS score of 45 was considered to be predictive of future falls (Thorbahn and Newton, 1996). However, Muir et al. (2008), in their evaluation of the BBS, felt that the test was a better predictor of multiple fallers. They reported a score of 40 would predict multiple falls as well as falls that were more likely to cause harm to the patient. Prior to Muir's study, Shumway-Cook et al. (1997) reported that, in their study, a score of 36 or less was 100% predictive of a fall within the next 6 months in the geriatric population. The BBS has demonstrated concurrent validity when compared to the Dynamic Gait Index (DGI) in persons with vestibular disorders (Whitney et al., 2003).Read full chapterURL: studies in neurological physiotherapyMandy Dunbar, in Clinical Case Studies in Physiotherapy, problem list would you establish for this patient? goals may be appropriate? patient scored 38 on the Berg Balance scale – why might this outcome measure have been selected to complete as part of her assessment? other outcome measures may have been used in your assessment of this lady? treatment options may be available to you in order to address the goals identified? there any other services which you may access to continue treatment for this patient?Read full chapterURL: RehabilitationMichael R. Yochelson, ... Amy L. Kolarova, in Braddom's Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (Sixth Edition), 2021FallsFalls are a critical issue after stroke and require both a formal fall prevention program during inpatient rehabilitation (IA) as well as continued screening in the outpatient environment using an established measure such as the Berg Balance Scale61 or the Morse Fall Scale70 (IIaB). Information should be provided to patients and caregivers to target environmental modification (IIaB). Participation in exercise programs with a goal to reduce falls is recommended (IB), and Tai Chi is a potentially effective intervention to decrease the risk of falls (IIbB).105 One small study demonstrated an increased risk for hip fractures due to falls in chronic elderly stroke patients deficient in vitamin D, suggesting a benefit to full chapterURL: and postural controlTülay Tarsuslu Şimşek, İbrahim Engin Şimşek, in Comparative Kinesiology of the Human Body, 2020Balance and Postural control: what is the difference?In many occasions the words “balance” and “postural control” are used interchangeably. Especially, in the clinical setting the term “balance” is more frequently used. There are several clinical tools (for example; Berg Balance Scale) commonly used to assess balance. Most of these tools are subject to debate in terms of their sensitivity, cut-off points, validity and reliability when they are used for evaluating balance in several different kinds of clinical conditions. However, when it comes to quantifying balance, in other words when quantitative data is needed concerning the properties of human balance, the term “postural control” is often example, close to the end of her performance (flips, soars and swings) an artistic floor gymnast skillfully demonstrates a static stance on both feet with arms wide open in a posture that salutes everyone. In this way she demonstrates how well she has trained over the years and presents the level of control she has mastered over her posture. The very moment she stops moving and begins her static stance, the saccule and the utricle in her middle ears should measure zero acceleration in both horizontal and vertical planes. Also, the movement of the fluid in the semicircular canals, measuring head rotation in three planes, should stop tickling the hair cells placed in cristae. However, they do not. The biological sensors, in this respect, are far from man-made. They do not stop immediately and continue on sending data. In this gymnast case, the data tells the brain that the head is still accelerating linearly in both horizontal and vertical planes and is also rotating with respect to the trunk. In addition, the visual data provides some ques about the cheering audience but they seem to be moving fast and resonates as a colorful mixture. The brain, however, relies on a different kind of information obtained by the somatosensory system which insists that the movement has ceased, except some ongoing regular pattern of Center of Mass (CoM) sway. In this example the referees (among many other technical details) score the performance and the level of perfection related to the dynamic and static balance of the gymnast. They do not score the level of her control over postural data. They do not praise her success in automatic distinguishing and re-weighting the most reliable data among many others provided by her visual, vestibular and somatosensory systems. They just score what they have seen: human balance. In conclusion, although these two terms can be used interchangeably as appropriate, the human balance may be re-defined as the clinically observable outcome of the human postural control full chapterURL:
The Berg Balance Scale uses a 0-4 scale, making assessing the patient’s performance easy. You can quickly score different tasks and provide feedback faster. It’s reliable and valid. The Berg Balance Scale has been studied extensively and is widely accepted as a reliable and valid tool for measuring balance and mobility.
96 The BBS is a qualitative measure that assesses balance via performing functional activities such as reaching, bending, transferring, and standing that incorporates most components of postural control: sitting and transferring safely between chairs;From: Geriatric Physical Therapy (Third Edition), 2012Balance and fallsAlia A. Alghwiri PT, MS,, Susan L. Whitney PT, DPT, PhD, NCS, ATC, FAPTA, in Geriatric Physical Therapy (Third Edition), 2012Berg balance Berg Balance Scale (BBS) was developed by Katherine Berg in 1989 to measure balance ability (static and dynamic) among older The BBS is a qualitative measure that assesses balance via performing functional activities such as reaching, bending, transferring, and standing that incorporates most components of postural control: sitting and transferring safely between chairs; standing with feet apart, feet together, in single-leg stance, and feet in the tandem Romberg position with eyes open or closed; reaching and stooping down to pick something off the floor. Each item is scored along a 5-point scale, ranging from 0 to 4, each grade with well-established criteria. Zero indicates the lowest level of function and 4 the highest level of function. The total score ranges from 0 to 56. The BBS is reliable (both inter- and intratester) and has concurrent and construct a cutoff score of greater than 45 has been traditionally identified as a useful cutoff to predict falls in those who scored below the cutoff score,97 recent work by Muir and Berg99 suggests an alternative scoring system as well as suggesting that the BBS is more effective in identifying those who will fall more than once than those who have fallen one time only. They suggest a cutoff score of 40 to predict those who will experience multiple falls (positive likelihood ratio of with 95% confidence interval [CI] of to and injurious falls (positive likelihood ratio of with 95% CI of to In the Shumway-Cook et al model for using the BBS to predict the likelihood of falling, a score of 36 or less indicated a nearly 100% chance of falling in the next 6 months in older The BBS is less useful in confirming someone is at low risk of falling. Even subjects who achieve a very high score (53 or 54 of 56) only have a moderate assurance that they are not at risk for a fall in the next few months. The BBS is particularly helpful in determining sitting and standing balance. No measures of gait are directly recorded within the full chapterURL: disabilityLuigi Ferrucci ... Jack M. Guralnik in Practice of Geriatrics (Fourth Edition), 2007Berg Balance Scale (BBS)51The BBS, a commonly used measure of postural control and stability, evaluates performance in 14 tasks, such as standing with feet together, reaching forward, picking up an object from the floor, and turning to look over each shoulder. An individual's stability is rated, using timed or other clearly defined criteria, on a scale from 0 (unable/unsafe) to 4 (completely independent/efficient/safe). The overall BBS score, attained by summing the ratings of the 14 individual test items, can range from 0 to 56 points. There is evidence of the BBS's responsiveness following rehabilitation intervention for frail elders as well as individuals with neuromuscular full chapterURL: Stephens, in Complementary Therapies for Physical Therapy, 2008ExamineThe BBS and the timed unilateral stance test are selected as outcome measures for balance and postural control because they are widely used, easy to use, and highly correlated with For Jane, it also is useful to have measures of endurance and mobility to compare pre-intervention and post-intervention performance. For this, gait speed and time/distance before fatigue are used (Table 20-1).In retrospect, several other measures may have been useful to get some more general information about other dimensions of performance. One of the instruments now widely used and approved by the National MS Society is the Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life Inventory (MSQLI).44 This instrument is a compilation of 10 independently developed and validated measures, which assess fatigue, pain, cognition, and social support, among other areas. Some of these dimensions of life activity also have been suggested to improve as a result of ATM full chapterURL: TestsPaul Ricard, in Acute Care Handbook for Physical Therapists (Fourth Edition), 2014Interpretation of ResultsHigher scores on the BBS indicate greater independence and better ability to In contrast, lower scores indicate a greater fall risk. Prior evidence suggested that a total score of less than 45 predicted that the patient is at risk for However, more recent literature by Katherine Berg discourages the use the score as a dichotomous scale ( determining fall risk based on values being greater than or less than 45 points).10 Rather, the score should be used to represent a continuum of balance, through the use of likelihood Clinical TipIn patients who are over 65 years of age and are dependent in at least one personal activity of daily living, a change of 8 points on the BBS is necessary to demonstrate a genuine change in full chapterURL: of physiotherapy assessment and outcome measuresP Kersten, in Physical Management in Neurological Rehabilitation (Second Edition), 2004BalanceBalance disorders are discussed in Chapter 24. Well-validated measures of balance are the Berg Balance Scale (Berg et al., 1992) and the Functional Reach Test (Duncan et al., 1990). The Berg Balance Scale evaluates the patient's performance on 14 tasks which are common in daily activities. These tasks address the patient's ability to maintain positions of increasing difficulty. The full range of tasks is displayed in Box This test takes about 15 min to complete and is a sensitive measure as it is able to discriminate between patients with various mobility aids (Berg et al., 1992).The Functional Reach Test is shorter to complete, but less comprehensive than the Berg Balance Scale. The therapist will need to mark out a long ruler on a wall at the patient's shoulder height. When the patient stands comfortably, he or she should be asked to lift one arm up at 90° and make a fist (start position). Then the patient is asked to reach forwards as far as possible (finishing position). Functional reach is defined by the distance between the start and finishing position (Duncan et al., 1990).Read full chapterURL: Whitney, ... A. Alghadir, in Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 2016The Berg Balance ScaleA commonly utilized examination tool for static and dynamic balance (sitting and standing) is the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) (Berg, 1989; Berg et al., 1992). The BBS is a quantitative measure of balance during functional activities. Subjects are asked to reach, bend, transfer from one chair to another, stand with their feet apart, stand with their feet together, stand with their feet in tandem position with eyes open and with eyes closed, reach down, and stoop down to pick something up from the floor (Berg, 1989). Each item receives a grade on a 0–4 scale, where 0 indicates the subject is unable to complete the task and 4 is the highest grade obtainable, where each grade is given specific criteria to meet. The BBS has been shown to be reliable and have construct validity (Wang et al., 2006; Conradsson et al., 2007).When reporting results of the BBS, several different cutoff scores have been suggested. When the test was originally designed, a score of > 45 was considered to be predictive of future falls (Thorbahn and Newton, 1996). However, Muir et al. (2008), in their evaluation of the BBS, felt that the test was a better predictor of multiple fallers. They reported a score of 40 would predict multiple falls as well as falls that were more likely to cause harm to the patient. Prior to Muir's study, Shumway-Cook et al. (1997) reported that, in their study, a score of 36 or less was 100% predictive of a fall within the next 6 months in the geriatric population. The BBS has demonstrated concurrent validity when compared to the Dynamic Gait Index (DGI) in persons with vestibular disorders (Whitney et al., 2003).Read full chapterURL: studies in neurological physiotherapyMandy Dunbar, in Clinical Case Studies in Physiotherapy, problem list would you establish for this patient? goals may be appropriate? patient scored 38 on the Berg Balance scale – why might this outcome measure have been selected to complete as part of her assessment? other outcome measures may have been used in your assessment of this lady? treatment options may be available to you in order to address the goals identified? there any other services which you may access to continue treatment for this patient?Read full chapterURL: to prepare for placementLauren Guthrie, in Clinical Case Studies in Physiotherapy, 2009▪Neurological assessment, assessing tone, joint range of movement, sensation, muscle power, posture, functional abilities (sit-to-stand, gait, etc.), balance.▪Awareness of outcome measures: Tinetti, Berg balance scale, motor assessment scale, elderly mobility scale.▪Depending on the type of neurological placement, know about the most likely neurological conditions you will encounter including pathology, signs and symptoms, overview of medical management. For example, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke, motor neurone disease, Guillain–Barré syndrome.▪The types of treatment physiotherapists may use with the types of conditions you will come across in your placement. For example, balance re-education, gait re-education, exercise prescription.▪Find out the approach adopted by the physiotherapists at that particular site. For example, Bobath, motor re-learning, full chapterURL: RehabilitationAdolfo M. Bronstein, Marousa Pavlou, in Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 2013AbstractThis chapter addresses the important and undertreated problem of balance disorders. The chapter has a simplified summary of the physiology of balance problems in order to set the issue of assessment is next addressed with discussion of important tests including the Berg Balance Scale and the Get Up and Go Test, and others. Posturography is discussed as well as assessment of the gravitional vertical. The assessment of vestibular function is of key importance and discussed in some detail. The focus of the chapter is on balance rehabilitation. Re-training of postural alignment and of sensory strategies are key but adaptation of the environment and re-training of cognitive strategies are also helpful in individual cases. Vestibular exercises can also be used. The chapter then critically analyses the efficacy of these treatments in specific balance disorders such as in stroke, Parkinson disease, polyneuropathies, multiple sclerosis, and vestibular there is a growing body of evidence that balance rehabilitation improves symptoms, function, and quality of life for those troubled by these disabling full chapterURL: therapyBeth E. Kauffman, Benjamin W. Kauffman, in A Comprehensive Guide to Geriatric Rehabilitation (Third Edition), 2014BalanceThe following research supports the use for aquatics to improve balance, which will decrease fall risk in different populations. After 6 weeks of water exercise, subjects with a primary diagnosis of early to mid-stage Parkinson disease, demonstrated a significant improvement on the Berg Balance Scale and Step test (Jacobs et al., 2012). Some of this improvement may be attributed to increased tactile sensation from the water that improved body awareness and position sense. (Jacobs et al., 2012; Sato et al., 2012) After 5–6 weeks of water exercise by individuals in the eighth and ninth decades of life, significant improvements have been shown on balance measurements on the Berg Balance Scale (Douris et al., 2003). A combination of aquatic exercise and patient education produced significant findings in fall prevention in persons with hip osteoarthritis. Statistical analysis included the Berg Balance Scale, 6 minute walk test, 30 second chair stand, ABC questionnaire and the Timed Up and Go (Arnold & Faulkner, 2010).Read full chapterURL:
The Fullerton Test is mainly intended to identify highly-active older adults who are at an increased risk to experience fall -related injuries due to sensory impairments. The test uses both dynamic and static balance under different situations to identify balance deficits in older adults. The test is mainly performed on the following population
Force platform [...] feedback did not improve clinical measures of balance when moving or walking (Berg Balance Scale and Timed Up and Go). La retroalimentación de la plataforma de fuerza [...] no mejoró las medidas [...] clínicas de equilibrio al realizar movimientos o caminar (Berg Balance Scale [escala de equilibrio de Berg] y prueba [...]de levantarse y avanzar). In this context we share the view of the [...] rapporteur, Mr van den Berg, on the importance and scale of the problem. En este contexto, compartimos la opinión del [...] ponente, el señor Van den Berg, sobre la importancia y la magnitud del [...]problema. The balance has an optical read-out scale, and gives a [...]direct reading for the moisture content. La balanza posee un indicador óptico y proporciona una [...]lectura directa del grado de humedad. (FR) Mr President, ladies and gentlemen, this is a good time to reply [...] immediately to Mr van den Berg. (FR) Señor Presidente, Señorías, ésta es una buena ocasión para responder [...] inmediatamente al Sr. van den Berg. I could give Mr van den Berg no better compliment. Creo que no podría hacer un [...] cumplido mejor al señor Van den Berg. Mr ¦pidla, I ask you, please [...] keep the sense of scale and balance we are used to [...]seeing from you. Le pido por favor, señor [...] ¦pidla, que mantenga el equilibrio al que nos tiene acostumbrados. The question is [...] whether it would work and how can it create a balance in a penalty scale in one country when the penalty scale in [...]another country would, [...]in fact, end up completely wrong. La pregunta es si funcionaría y [...] cómo puede crear un equilibrio en una escala de delitos en un país cuando, de hecho, la escala de delitos de [...]otro país terminaría siendo totalmente errónea. Berg presented a paper that [...]examines how countries manage aid surges, in particular whether they use the aid to finance [...]increase spending and whether they use it to increase imports. Berg presentó un documento [...](en inglés) en que se examina cómo los países administran los incrementos de la asistencia y, [...]en particular, si la usan para financiar un aumento del gasto o de las importaciones. Based on these submissions, the financial adviser of the [...] government, the Copenhagen [...] office of Alfred Berg Corporate Finance (hereinafter referred to as 'Alfred Berg'), concluded [...]as follows En función de esos datos, el asesor financiero del Gobierno, a [...] saber, la oficina de [...] Copenhague de Alfred Berg Corporate Finance (en lo sucesivo, «Alfred Berg»), determinó lo siguiente Berg suspects that once awareness [...]of the value of MRI is raised and more women know it increases cancer detection, there [...]will be a greater interest in getting the test. Berg sospecha que una vez [...]se aumente la concienciación sobre el valor de la IRM y más mujeres sepan que aumenta la detección [...]del cáncer de mama, habrá un mayor interés por hacerse la prueba. The Committee believes that [...] there should be balance in the scale on which flexicurity [...]is applied. El Comité considera que deben [...] equilibrarse las dimensiones de la flexiguridad. Take care that no dirt or moisture can [...] get into the balance with the scale-pan carrier removed. Procurar que no pueda penetrar suciedad ni humedad [...] en el interior de la balanza mientras está desmontado [...]el soporte del plato. Combining utilities may enlarge the scope for [...] economies of scale, but also ensures larger balance sheets. La combinación de empresas de servicios puede ampliar [...] el alcance de economías de escala, pero también puede garantizar [...]ganancias mayores. You can tare the balance/scale within the entire weighing range. La tara puede realizarse dentro del rango completo de pesada de la balanza. Alfred Berg recommended continuing [...]the sales process with this buyer in parallel with the development of the restructuring option. Alfred Berg recomendó mantener el [...]proceso de venta con ese comprador en paralelo con el desarrollo de la opción de reestructuración. An interview with Andy Berg on the macroeconomics [...]of managing increased aid inflows Entrevista con Andy Berg sobre los aspectos [...]macroeconómicos de la gestión de las mayores afluencias de ayuda In attendance was Jon Bouchard, [...] Milt Barker and Dick Berg plus other members [...]of the Stahl USA technical team. In addition [...]there were representatives from Mexico, Canada and Europe who were very pleased to explain the collection. Jon Bouchard, [...] Milt Barker y Dick Berg, además de otros miembros [...]del equipo técnico de Stahl USA, estuvieron presentes durante [...]toda la colección, quienes junto a otros representantes de México, Canadá y Europa estuvieron encantados de explicar en qué consistía la colección. In this Comment article Astri Suhrke, Arne [...] Strand and Kristian Berg Harpviken explore [...]what options remain available to the embattled international mission. En este Comentario, Astri Suhrke, Arne [...] Strand y Kristian Berg Harpviken examinan [...]qué opciones le quedan a una misión internacional en guerra. More recently, the Viennese school grouped such artists as [...] Schönberg, Webern and Berg. Más recientemente, la escuela vienesa reúne a artistas tales como [...] Schönberg, Webern o Berg. You can connect a [...] computer to your balance/scale to send commands via the balance/scale interface port to control balance/scale functions and [...]applications. El ordenador conectado a través de la interfaz de datos puede [...] emitir comandos de control a la balanza, para controlar funciones de balanza y funciones de los programas de aplicación. If no error is determined in calibration, or the error is [...] within the tolerance limits dictated by the degree of accuracy you require, it is not necessary [...] to adjust the balance/ scale. Si al calibrar no se detecta desviación representativa que afecte la precisión exigida de medición, no es [...] necesario ajustar la balanza. You can use an on-line computer to change, start and/or monitor [...] the functions of the balance/scale and the application [...]programs. Con un ordenador pueden modificarse, iniciarse y supervisarse [...] funciones de la balanza y funciones de los programas [...] de aplicación. The balance/scale requires certain parameters [...]to calculate weighing data. La balanza requiere de predefinición [...]de parámetros para el cálculo de datos de pesada. Always level the balance/scale again any time [...]after it has been moved to a different location. Nivelar la balanza cada vez que se cambie [...]de lugar de instalación. BERG alleged that the Authority [...]failed to conduct an objective analysis of each of the arguments presented by the parties [...]based on the administrative record. BERG alegó que la Autoridad [...]se abstuvo de realizar un análisis objetivo de cada uno de los argumentos presentados por las [...]partes basadas en el expediente administrativo. The Council condemned all violence and terrorist [...] attacks, including the kidnappings and brutal murder of hostages, in particular the savage [...] execution of Mr Nicholas Berg. El Consejo ha condenado toda forma de violencia y ataques [...] terroristas, incluidos los secuestros y los brutales asesinatos de rehenes, en particular la salvaje [...] ejecución de D. Nicholas Berg. Peter Auer, Janine Berg and Ibrahim Coulibaly [...]seek to further the debate by analysing the relationship between employment [...]tenure and productivity in six major sectors in 13 European countries. Peter Auer, Janine Berg e Ibrahim Coulibaly [...]esclarecen este asunto polémico haciendo una estimación de la influencia de [...]la antigüedad en la productividad del trabajo en seis sectores económicos de trece países. In this pamphlet are contributions [...] from Max van den Berg (Socialist Group [...]Coordinator of the European Parliament Committee [...]on Development), Yash Tandon (Executive Director of the South Centre) and Faizel Ismail (South Africa's Ambassador to the WTO) which will help launch our reflections on the relationship between sovereignty and trade policy. En el presente folleto, las [...] contribuciones de Max Van den Berg (Coordinador del [...]Grupo Socialista en la Comisión de Desarrollo [...]del Parlamento Europeo), Yash Tandon (Director Ejecutivo de South Centre) y Faizel Ismail (Embajador de Sudáfrica ante la OMC) permiten lanzar el debate sobre las relaciones entre soberanía y política comercial. To ensure adequate protection for safe shipment, your balance/scale has been packaged to the extent necessary using environmentally friendly materials. El embalaje de los productos Sartorius consta exclusivamente de materiales no nocivos para el medio ambiente, que pueden ser depositados en los contenedores para las materias primas secundarias a reciclar. Afterwards, if you keep the balance/ scale connected to AC power, the continuous positive difference in temperature between the inside of the balance/scale and the outside will practically rule out the effects of [...]moisture condensation. Luego, si [...] se mantiene el aparato conectado a la red se descarta prácticamente, casi por completo, la influencia de la humedad debido a la diferencia de temperatura positiva continua en el interior del aparato y el entorno.
In accordance with the scores acquired from the said test, the cases are divided into groups as "high fall risk (0–20 points)", "moderate fall risk (21–40 points)", "low fall risk (41–56 points)". Fifty-six, which is the highest score, is accepted to show the best balance.19 The Turkish validity and reliability study of the scale was
Body balance to ćwiczenia, które powstały z połączenia jogi, tai chi i pilatesu. Ćwiczy się do łagodnej, klimatycznej muzyki, a układ ćwiczeń zmienia się raz na kwartał. O co w tym chodzi i czy warto? “Kiedy regularnie staję na macie – pisze joginka Agnieszka Passendorfer – w moim życiu wszystko samo doskonale się układa. Mam więcej pewności siebie, podejmuję lepsze decyzje, a moje ciało czuje się i wygląda lepiej. Kiedy przestaję ćwiczyć, sprawy zaczynają się komplikować. Dlatego nie powinnam przestawać.” ( “13 lekcji jogi” – więcej tu) Mogłabym podpisać się pod tymi słowami, bo chociaż nie praktykuję jogi, to jeśli wstawiłabym w jej miejsce aktywność fizyczną jako taką, byłoby dokładnie tak samo. Zawsze byłam aktywna i jeśli zdarzają mi się momenty w życiu kiedy regularnie nie ćwiczę, po tygodniu, miesiącu, dwóch natychmiast czuję, że ta przerwa nie przyniesie niczego dobrego. Moje ciało potrzebuje ruchu. Tak samo jak tlenu, jedzenia i wody. Tak trafiłam w listopadzie na zajęcia body balance, które są uzupełnieniem mojego treningu. Body Balance skąd się wzięło i o co chodzi? Program Body Balance pochodzi z nowozelandzkiej szkoły Les Mills. Ćwiczenia opierają się na budowaniu elastyczności i wytrzymałości, pozostawiając ćwiczącemu uczucie spokoju i skupienia. Program wydaje się niewymagający i niespecjalnie trudny, ale zapewniam Was, że to tylko pozory. Kiedy zaczynamy ćwiczyć, okazuje się, że nawet te z pozoru proste pozycje mogą sprawiać nam sporo trudu. Nie zależy to wcale od poziomu wytrenowania w innej dyscyplinie, od wagi, czy typu sylwetki. Po prostu nie wszyscy jesteśmy jednakowo rozwinięci. Dzięki Body Balance wzmacniamy wszystkie grupy mięśni, poprawiamy koordynację i postawę, nabieramy elastyczności, wyciszamy się i niwelujemy stres. Dla kogo jest Body Balance? Moim zdaniem dla wszystkich, nawet jeśli nie ćwiczyliście do tej pory. Warto się wybrać, spróbować i praktykować, a na początek podejrzeć tu. Jeśli tylko traficie na rozsądnego i mądrego nauczyciela (a takich warto szukać!), będzie on podpowiadał różne warianty pozycji, które każdy może wykonać. Nie będziesz mistrzem na pierwszym treningu, dlatego warto korzystać z sugestii prowadzącego i słuchać swojego ciała. Postęp będzie! I to szybciej niż Ci się wydaje! Co jeszcze można zyskać? Body balance, jakie efekty? Dla mnie osobiście najistotniejsza jest wartość dodana do ruchu, a ta dzieje się… w głowie. Chociaż ćwiczenia czujesz ciałem, to przecież wszystko się łączy! Mocne nogi, na których pewnie stoisz przydają się nie tylko w pozycji wojownika, ale i w życiu. Wiesz, że możesz na sobie polegać. W pozycji tancerza czujesz jak trudno być czasem w równowadze i balansie. A przecież w życiu tak samo jak stojąc na jednej nodze ciągle musimy ją łapać! Ćwiczysz mięśnie, swoją wytrzymałość, czujesz jak nogi się trzęsą, a jednak stoisz! Nawet gdy upadniesz, to się podniesiesz! Czy to nie jest wspaniała lekcja zaufania do siebie i polegania na własnej mocy? Ćwiczcie Kochani i budujcie swoją pewność siebie także przez ciało. To cudowny i skuteczny sposób. A gdyby mnie, znów, kiedyś przyszło do głowy zaprzestać treningów, kopnijcie mnie proszę w cztery litery. Na zachęta jedna z playlist do posłuchania:
Each participant was assessed using the Berg Balance Scale and again within 48 hours by the same physiotherapist. The minimum detectable change at 95% was established. A change of 4 points is
Use of the Berg Balance Scale for predicting [...]multiple falls in community-dwelling elderly people: a prospective study Utilisation de l'outil [...] d'évaluation clinique Berg Balance Scale pour prévoir [...]les chutes multiples chez les personnes âgées [...]qui résident dans la communauté : étude prospective In this context we share the view of [...] the rapporteur, Mr van den Berg, on the importance and scale of the problem. Dans ce contexte, nous sommes d'accord avec le [...] rapporteur, M. van den Berg, concernant l'importance et l'ampleur du problème. To calculate balances in the highest possible spatial resolution for which the data are available to spatially differentiate and [...] evaluate nutrient [...] contamination risks, because a balance surplus on a national scale does not allow statements [...]related to regions [...]or farming systems where reduction measures are required. Calcul de bilans dans la résolution spatiale la plus fine possible pour laquelle des données sont disponibles afin de différencier et d'évaluer, au niveau spatial, les [...] risques de contamination [...] des nutriments car un excédent de bilan à l'échelle nationale ne permet pas [...]d'indiquer dans quelles [...]régions ou quels systèmes agricoles des mesures de réduction sont nécessaires. Alfred Berg submitted on 9 April [...]1999 a memo to the steering committee, in which it concluded that Combus A/S could hardly be sold at a positive value. Alfred Berg a remis le 9 avril [...]1999 au comité de pilotage une note dans laquelle il concluait que Combus A/S pourrait difficilement [...]être vendue à une valeur positive. On 18 October 2000, Alfred Berg informed the Danish government [...]that it had received a revised offer from Metroline, which [...]now proposed to acquire Combus for a negative price of DKK 500 million. Le 18 octobre 2000, Alfred Berg a informé le gouvernement [...]danois qu'il avait reçu une offre corrigée de la part de Metroline, [...]qui proposait maintenant d'acquérir Combus pour un prix négatif de 500 millions de DKK. 4/ ICZM: The balance between marine issues and their scale of management should be the subject of technical and political emulation right across the Mediterranean Basin. 4/ La GIZC : L'adéquation entre les problématiques marines et leur échelle de gestion doivent faire l'objet d'une émulation technique et politique à l'échelle du bassin méditerranéen. Invasive species are added to the list, and climate [...] change, which shifts the natural balance at a very large scale. Des espèces envahissantes sont venues s'ajouter [...] à la liste et un autre facteur est le changement [...] climatique qui perturbe l'équilibre naturel à une très grande échelle. I am also most grateful for the supporting opinions of the other [...] committees, and should like to express my thanks [...] to Mr van den Berg of the Committee [...]on Constitutional Affairs and Mr Candal [...]of the Committee on Petitions. Je remercie également les autres commissions pour avis de la qualité de [...] leurs contributions et, plus [...] particulièrement, M. van den Berg de la commission [...]des affaires constitutionnelles et M. Candal [...]de la commission des pétitions. I am sure we all wish you [...] well, Mr van den Berg, although we [...]are sorry to lose you. Je suis certaine que nous vous souhaitons tous bonne chance, [...] Monsieur van den Berg, même si nous [...]sommes tristes de vous voir partir. He had come to the Fire Conference this morning and after [...] Rev. Peter van den Berg preached, he felt [...]faith rise in his heart. Il vint à la Conférence « Fire » ce matin, et après la [...] prédication de Peter van den Berg, il sentit une foi [...]grandir dans son c½ur. Mr ¦pidla, I ask you, [...] please keep the sense of scale and balance we are used to seeing from you. Monsieur ¦pidla, je vous enjoins de ne pas vous [...] départir du sens de l'observation et de l'équilibre auquel vous nous avez [...]habitués. The balance has an optical read-out scale, and gives a [...]direct reading for the moisture content. La balance est à indicateur optique et donne une lecture [...]directe du taux d'humidité. Climatologically, these dynamics impart [...] a significant control over the [...] surface energy balance at the local scale and may also [...]respond to planetary scale atmospheric [...]teleconnections ( El Ni~no Southern Oscillation, Atlantic Oscillation and North Atlantic Oscillation. Sur le plan climatologique, ces processus dynamiques sont des [...] facteurs importants dans le bilan [...] énergétique de surface à l'échelle locale et peuvent aussi [...]réagir aux téléconnexions atmosphériques [...](Oscillation méridionale el niño, Oscillation atlantique et Oscillation de l'Atlantique nord) d'échelle planétaire. Do not use the balance/scale until it has [...]reached the proper operating temperature. La balance atteint la température de fonctionnement [...]nécessaire seulement après ce laps de temps. Van den Berg helps them to anticipate market [...]trends better, strengthens the flexibility and the competitiveness of their [...]logisitics and opens up new opportunities for innovation. Dédiée à la production et à l'approvisionnement des bulbes [...] à fleurs pour les autres sociétés de [...] la Branche, Van den Berg permet à celles-ci [...]de mieux anticiper les tendances du marché, [...]renforce la flexibilité et la compétitivité de leur organisation logistique et leur ouvre de nouvelles voies d'innovation. Strimmig Berg has an excellent network [...]of walking trails and has a variety of activities to offer. Le Strimmiger Berg possède un réseau [...]de sentiers de randonnée bien développé et offre aux visiteurs de nombreuses activités de loisir. The Commission was extensively involved in this symposium: the Secretary General moderated two panels on networks and network building, Past President Max Wyman was a member [...] of the Symposium Steering Committee [...] along with Katherine Berg, and Mr. Wyman also [...]made opening remarks at the Symposium. La Commission s'est particulièrement impliquée dans ce symposium : le secrétaire général a animé deux tables rondes sur les réseaux et la création de réseaux ; l'ancien président de la [...] Commission, Max Wyman, membre du Comité directeur du symposium aux [...] côtés de Katherine Berg, a fait une allocution [...]d'ouverture. In our investigation, we have looked at all of the factors that led to the deckhand being swept overboard," said [...] Paul van den Berg, Investigator-in-Charge. Au cours de notre enquête, nous avons examiné [...] tous les facteurs ayant amené ce matelot à être emporté par-dessus bord », a [...] déclaré Yves Boisvert, enquêteur [...]principal. We are pointing why safety management systems are needed for all training vessels regardless of whether they sail under a Canadian or an international flag," added van den Berg. Nous soulignons pourquoi un système de gestion de la sécurité est nécessaire à bord de tous les voiliers-écoles, qu'ils soient sous juridiction canadienne ou étrangère », précise M. Boisvert. I would like to see a whole lot [...] more farmers to balance out the preponderance of large-scale, commercial, [...]industrial farms. J'aimerais qu'il y ait beaucoup [...] plus de ces agriculteurs-là pour [...] contrebalancer la prépondérance des grandes exploitations commerciales de type [...]industriel. It is a complex and anomalous tool, not [...] [...] found in textbooks and universities; in fact, it replaces a true economic and budget balance policy on a federal scale. C'est un instrument complexe et anormal que l'on ne retrouve pas dans les ouvrages de référence et dans les universités. Global scale climatic changes occur when the balance between the rate at which energy enters [...]or leaves the global climate system [...]is upset by changes in one or more of its major elements. Les changements climatiques à l'échelle planétaire surviennent quand l'équilibre entre le rythme auquel [...]l'énergie entre dans [...]le système climatique de la Terre et celui où elle en sort est perturbé par des variations d'un ou plusieurs de ses principaux éléments. A major issue is to balance the need to scale up services and [...]reach universal access in the shortest time possible and the [...]need to strengthen existing infrastructures, including developing the capacity of civil society, to ensure the sustainability of services. L'un des principaux [...] problèmes est de trouver un équilibre entre la nécessité de [...]développer les services offerts et de parvenir [...]à un accès universel dans des délais aussi courts que possible et celle de renforcer les infrastructures existantes, notamment d'améliorer les capacités de la société civile, de manière à assurer la durabilité de ces services. Its failure turned a large-scale crisis of confidence into a global financial panic. [...] Financial intermediaries restored liquidity [...] buffers, tried to economise on capital and to scale down their balance sheets. Les intermédiaires financiers ont rétabli leurs niveaux de liquidités, se sont [...] efforcés de réaliser des économies de capital et de [...] réduire leurs bilans, ont cédé des actifs et durci les conditions de prêt. Despite the intention for regional [...] governments to provide a balance of interests at a regional scale, lower-tier zoning [...]and development approvals [...]are often made in relative isolation and can, as a result, have little regard for cumulative land-use impacts. Malgré la volonté des gouvernements [...] régionaux à fournir un équilibre des intérêts à l'échelle régionale, les approbations [...]de zonage et [...]de développement par le palier inférieur sont souvent émises de façon indépendante et, conséquemment, entraînent peu de répercussions sur les effets cumulatifs de l'aménagement du territoire. v. Berg, supra, might be applicable in that, while [...]Revenue Canada officials have expertise in the allocation of expenses [...]among the several products of a company, the interpretation, as distinct from the application, of SIMA paragraph 19(b) and SIM Regulation 11 is a "general question of law" to which the "correctness" test properly applies. Colombie-Britannique c. Berg, supra, pourrait être [...]applicable pour la raison que, même si les fonctionnaires de Revenu Canada [...]ont l'expertise requise pour l'attribution des coûts parmi les divers produits d'une entreprise, l'interprétation (et non l'application) de l'alinéa 19 b) de la LMSI et de l'article 11 de son règlement d'application est une *question générale de droit+ à laquelle le critère de justesse peut fort bien s'appliquer. Katherine Berg, Special Advisor to the Secretary-General, [...]gave a speech underlining the importance of sport as a way to [...]promote peace, education, health and development. Dans son [...] allocution, Katherine Berg, conseillère spéciale [...]auprès du secrétaire général, a souligné l'importance du sport [...]dans la promotion de la paix, de l'éducation, de la santé et du développement. On August 19th 2008 he got a room in 'Huis Op de Berg' in Heerlen, where he was taken care of very well until his death. C'est le 19 août 2008 qu'il obtint une chambre à "Huis Op de Berg" à Heerlen où on s'occupa très bien de lui jusqu'à sa mort. Dion van den Berg, in his chapter on city diplomacy [...]campaigns, identifies a common sequence of city diplomacy activities. Dans son chapitre consacré aux campagnes de diplomatie des [...] villes, Dion van den Berg identifie une séquence [...]commune aux activités de diplomatie des villes. Zetes' sound balance sheet allows it to execute large scale projects, that could temporarily destabilise balance sheet equilibrium, [...]yet still keep the trust of all stakeholders. La situation bilantaire très saine de Zetes lui [...] permet d'exécuter des projets de très grande ampleur, qui peuvent déstabiliser provisoirement les équilibres bilantaires, tout en [...]conservant la confiance de tous ses partenaires.
dynamic balance. NUMBER OF TEST ITEMS o The BBS consists of 14 functional balance items that focus on the ability to maintain a position and perform postural adjustments to complete functional movements.1 SCORING o Each item is scored on a 5-point ordinal scale ranging from 0 to 4, with 0 indicating an
S), Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest), Mini-BESTest, and Brief-BESTest for older adults who live in nursing homes. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Older adults (n = 49; aged 62-90 years; mean = 77.8; standard deviation = 7.2) were recruited from a nonprofit nursing home. All participants were assessed by 2 physiotherapists using the BBS, BESTest, Mini-BESTest, and Brief
The mean Berg Balance Scale scores ranged from 37 to 55 out of a possible maximum score of 56. The standard deviation of Berg Balance Scale scores varied from 1.0 to 9.2. Although participants aged around 70 years had very close to normal Berg Balance Scale scores, there was a significant decline in balance with age at a rate of 0.7 points on
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